gistlib - create a simulation and visualiser for the planets going around the sun in python

To create a simulation and visualiser for the planets going around the sun in python, we can use a python library, Pygame.

First, we need to install Pygame. We can use the following command to install it:


pip install pygame
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After installing Pygame, we can start by creating a new Pygame window and setting up the simulation variables.


main.py
import pygame
import math

# Set up the simulation variables
G = 6.67 * 10 ** -11  # gravitational constant
SUN_MASS = 1.989 * 10 ** 30  # mass of sun
AU = 149.6 * 10 ** 6 * 1000  # astronomical unit in meters
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Once the variables are set up, we can define a Planet class that will hold the position, velocity, mass, radius etc. of the planets.


main.py
class Planet:
    def __init__(self, x, y, mass, vx, vy, radius, color):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.mass = mass
        self.vx = vx
        self.vy = vy
        self.radius = radius
        self.color = color

    def draw(self, surface):
        pygame.draw.circle(surface, self.color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), self.radius, 0)
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Next, we can create a list of Planets and add the planets to this list. We can create an instance of the Planet class for each planet we want to include.


main.py
# List of planets
planets = []

# Add planets to the list
planets.append(Planet(0, 0, SUN_MASS, 0, 0, 20, (255, 255, 0)))  # sun
planets.append(Planet(-0.39 * AU, 0, 3.3 * 10 ** 23, 0, -47 * 1000, 10, (255, 0, 0)))  # mercury
planets.append(Planet(0.72 * AU, 0, 4.8 * 10 ** 24, 0, 35 * 1000, 10, (0, 255, 0)))  # venus
planets.append(Planet(1 * AU, 0, 5.9 * 10 ** 24, 0, 29.3 * 1000, 10, (0, 0, 255)))  # earth
planets.append(Planet(1.52 * AU, 0, 6.4 * 10 ** 23, 0, -24.1 * 1000, 10, (255, 165, 0)))  # mars
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Now, we can create the game loop that updates the position of each planet based on their velocity and the gravitational force they experience from other planets.


main.py
# Create the game loop
pygame.init()

# Set up the window
window_width = 1200
window_height = 800
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Planets Simulation")

# Set up the clock
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# Run the game loop
while True:
    # Handle events
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()

    # Clear the screen
    surface.fill((0, 0, 0))

    # Update the position of each planet
    for i in range(len(planets)):
        # Update the velocity
        for j in range(len(planets)):
            if i != j:
                dx = planets[j].x - planets[i].x
                dy = planets[j].y - planets[i].y
                distance = math.sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)
                force = G * planets[i].mass * planets[j].mass / distance ** 2
                acceleration = force / planets[i].mass
                ax = acceleration * dx / distance
                ay = acceleration * dy / distance
                planets[i].vx += ax
                planets[i].vy += ay

        # Update the position
        planets[i].x += planets[i].vx
        planets[i].y += planets[i].vy

        # Draw the planet
        planets[i].draw(surface)

    # Update the display
    pygame.display.update()

    # Limit the frame rate
    clock.tick(60)
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This code creates a Pygame window, sets up the clock and the game loop. In the game loop, it handles the events, clears the screen, updates the position of each planet based on their velocity and the gravitational force they experience from other planets, and finally updates the display and limits the frame rate.

With this code, we have created a simulation and visualiser for the planets going around the sun in python.

Note: This is a basic simulation and does not take into account many factors such as the tilt of the planets' orbits, their elliptical orbits etc. To make it more accurate, you can add additional calculations for these factors.

create a simulation and visualiser for the planets going around the sun in python

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