modular arithmetic and exponentiation by squaring. in python

main.py
# Modular arithmetic
def mod(a, b, m):
    return (a % m + b % m) % m

# Exponentiation by squaring algorithm
def exp_by_squaring(base, power):
    if power < 0:
        return exp_by_squaring(1 / base, -power)
    if power == 0:
        return 1
    if power % 2 == 0:
        return exp_by_squaring(base * base, power // 2)
    return base * exp_by_squaring(base * base, (power - 1) // 2)

# Example usage
a = 10
b = 7
m = 5
result_mod = mod(a, b, m)
print("Modular arithmetic result:", result_mod)

base = 2
power = 10
result_exp = exp_by_squaring(base, power)
print("Exponentiation by squaring result:", result_exp)
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