having the same row and column length in matlab

In MATLAB, the easiest way to have the same row and column length is to create a square matrix. This can be achieved using the zeros() function or the ones() function.

Here is an example using the zeros() function to create a square matrix of size 5x5:

main.m
A = zeros(5, 5);
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This creates a matrix A with 5 rows and 5 columns, filled with zeros. Similarly, we can create a square matrix of size 3x3 using the ones() function as follows:

main.m
B = ones(3, 3);
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This creates a matrix B with 3 rows and 3 columns, filled with ones.

Alternatively, if you have an existing matrix M and you want to resize it to be a square matrix, you can use the padarray() function. For example, to resize M to be a 5x5 square matrix filled with zeros, you can use the following command:

main.m
M = padarray(M, [max(size(M))-size(M,1), max(size(M))-size(M,2)], 'post');
M = padarray(M, [max(size(M))-size(M,1), max(size(M))-size(M,2)], 'pre');
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The first padarray() command pads M with zeros along the bottom and right edges to make it a rectangular matrix with the same number of rows and columns as the maximum of its dimensions. The second padarray() command pads M again, this time along the top and left edges, until it becomes a square matrix.

Note that this approach may result in some data loss if the original matrix M is larger than the desired square matrix, as some of the original data along the bottom and right edges may be discarded.